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Copyright © 2022
Urology Care Foundation, Inc.
1000 Corporate Boulevard
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Brian Stork, MD

Simone Gauthier

Simone Gauthier
Nicole Ramey
Tupper Stevens
Celia Vimont 
Erica Weiss

Jennifer Kennedy
Ashleigh Kilgour

Timothy D. Averch, MD, FACS; Benjamin T. Ristau, MD, MHA;
Necole Streeper, MD; Suzette E. Sutherland, MD, MS, FPMRS

Harris M. Nagler, MD, FACS (President);

Gopal H. Badlani, MD (Secretary); Thomas F. Stringer, MD, FACS (Treasurer); Arthur L. “Bud” Burnett, II, MD, MBA, FACS;
Sanford J. Siegel, MD; Mary Ann Lynn Stothers, MD, MHSc;
Larry Lipshultz, MD; Brian Keith McNeil, MD, MBA, FACS;
Joseph A. Smith, MD; Jay G. Baitler; Ryan D. Drant;
Amarpreet Sawhney, PhD; William Scott

Brian R. Stork, MD (Chair);

Timothy D. Averch, MD, FACS; Ahmad H. Bani Hani, MD, FACS, FAAP; Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, MD, MPH, FACS; Kelly A. Healy, MD, FACS; Stanton C. Honig, MD;  Kevin T. McVary, MD, FACS;
Akanksha Mehta, MD, MS; Amanda C. North, MD;
Benjamin T. Ristau, MD, MHA; Courtney Rowe, MD;
​​​​​​​Suzette E. Sutherland, MD, MS, FPMRS; Ana Tomšić, MPH, CHES

The Urology Care Foundation believes the information in this publication is as authoritative and accurate as is reasonably possible and the sources of information used in preparation are reliable, but no assurance or warranty of completeness or accuracy is intended or given, and all warranties of any kind are disclaimed. Because every patient is unique, personal questions and concerns about any of the content included here and its application to the patient should be discussed with a urologist. To locate a urologist in your area, visit
UrologyHealth.org/find-a-urologist. The Foundation has no preference or bias concerning any specific tests, products, procedures, opinions or other information mentioned herein. As your trusted resource for urologic patient education, the Urology Care Foundation, as well as the American Urological Association, are committed to maintaining transparency and ensuring the content contained within this publication is valid, fair, balanced and free of commercial bias. Therefore, all individuals contributing content to this publication are required to disclose any relevant financial or intellectual relationships with any commercial interest. For further information, or for specific disclosure reports, please contact communications@AUAnet.org.